Eligijus Sakalauskas, Antanas Bendoraitis, Syeda Roushan Arshid, Aušrys Kilčiauskas, Aleksejus Michalkovič, Lina Dindienė Kęstutis Lukšys
Kaunas University of Technology, Scientific Group of ‘Cryptography and blockchain systems’, Studentų str. 50, Kaunas, Lithuania
Tel.: + 370 698 784 77
E-mail: eligijus.sakalauskas@ktu.lt
Received: 22 Dec. 2025 /Revised: 19 Mar. 2026 /Accepted: 20 Mar. 2026
/Published: 23 Mar. 2023
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Abstract: In a private blockchain, it is essential to provide not only anonymization of users but also deanonymization for certain parts of the Network, such as audit organizations, investment companies, and others, while maintaining anonymity for the other parts of the Network. Traditionally, the anonymization in private blockchain is performed by implementing ring signatures based on elliptic curve cryptography. The deanonymization problem is not considered in connection with the anonymization problem. In this paper, we present a unified anonymization-deanonymization system. Anonymization is based on an arbitrary set of singleuser addresses generated independently and secretly. These addresses correspond to the user’s private and public keys used for transaction creation based on the Schnorr signature. Deanonymization is based on the Schnorr multisignature scheme and Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge proof. The presented solution is an integration of Schnorr signature, Schnorr multi-signature, and Schnorr-based Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge Proof. Security and effectiveness analysis are presented.
Keywords: Private blockchain, Transaction’s anonymity, Ring signatures, Anonymization, Deanonymization.
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